Working with Financial Statements

Working with Financial Statements Accounting is the central core of executing an effective business. Bookkeeping is utilized to give record to all things that are paid and gotten for a business over any timeframe. Inside the motivation behind bookkeeping lies the need to give congruity and supportability inside a business, without it a business won't flourish. The data acquired is kept on record, so as to offer understanding to upper administration on information concerning the every day income and costs of that business. This information is expected to educate the representatives regarding the business, yet additionally the contributing gatherings of that business as well.Success in business is likened to being responsible of all parts of income and costs. To help in the comprehension of the act of bookkeeping, Team A will talk about the subjects of income and cost acknowledgment standards. We will likewise talk about the significance of diary modifications that are paid ahead of ti me, unmerited, and collected for the two incomes and costs after some time. Every thing talked about aides gave and keeps up a parity to the culmination of a budget report. Whenever entered accurately, the all sections utilized will give an away from of the record endeavors of any business.The Revenue Recognition and Expense Recognition Principle Being ready to represent a business’s incomes and costs in a specific bookkeeping period is hard to decide. To do it accurately, one would need to comprehend two rules that set the norm; the income acknowledgment standard and the cost acknowledgment rule. In part 4 of our reading material Financial Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making, it states â€Å"the income acknowledgment standard necessitates that organizations perceive income in the bookkeeping time frame in which it is earned.In an assistance organization, income is viewed as earned at the time the administration is performed. † Therefore, the definition is th at it is possibly to be recorded when the things sold where the benefit can be assessed unwavering quality and when the sum is recoverable. What advises the income to be perceived and to overlook when the money inflows happen is the point at which the record will utilize the collection premise of bookkeeping. A guide to outline income acknowledgment rule is the point at which a telephone organization sells talk time through scratch vehicles. There is no income to perceive when a client bought the scratch card.The income is perceived when the client has decided and really expended the discussion time. The cost acknowledgment standard is characterized in a similar section as, â€Å"The rule that directs that organizations coordinate endeavors (costs) with results (incomes). † They give a basic principle to recall as â€Å"Let the costs follow the incomes. † which would show how the cost acknowledgment goes hand and hand with the income acknowledgment. To represent that, we could state it is deals commission owed to a representative since it depends on the aggregate of a sale.In a similar bookkeeping period as the deal, the commission cost is the point at which it ought to be recorded. Simultaneously, the deal is perceived and expensed when the expense of stock is conveyed to the client. That is the point at which the commission cost ought to be recorded in a similar bookkeeping period as the deal. That would be the case of the coordinating guideline is related with the circumstances and logical results of bookkeeping. Circumstances That Require Adjusting Journal Entries Adjusting passages are assembled as deferrals and collections and each has two subgroups. The two classifications of deferrals are prepaid costs and unmerited revenue.Prepaid costs are recorded as resources until they are utilized or devoured. For instance prepaid month to month protection is recorded as an advantage until the inclusion has been expended. Since prepaid costs lapse w ith time doesn't require day by day modifications, which would be ridiculous. While planning budget summaries changing sections are made to record the cost expended of the prepaid resources and show the rest of the sums in the advantage account. Unmerited income is when money is gotten before administration is given, which builds the obligation account. Consequently unmerited income are inverse of paid ahead of time expenses.When an organization gets an installment for a future assistance, it credits risk the unmerited income account increments. The acknowledgment procedure happens during the bookkeeping time frame where the administration was given. At that point the organization makes the changing section for the unmerited income by charging the obligation account and crediting the income account. Before the change is made liabilities are exaggerated and income is downplayed. The second classification for changing sections is for collections. Going before the passage alterations t he income account or the business ledger are understated.Consequently the section modification for gatherings expands the asset report and salary proclamation account. Collected income is gathered income that isn't recorded at the announcement date since income is accumulated with taking a break, which is unfeasible to record every day. The modifying section records the sum owed to a business at the accounting report date and the income earned in that time. The altering passage increments both the income account and the benefit account. In the event that administrations gave to customer that were not charged won't be recorded.The gathering of unrecorded help account builds money due, which likewise expands investor value by expanding income account. It would be unscrupulous for an organization to antedate deals or records receivable to build income and resource records to meet a quarter’s target deals. Costs brought about however not yet paid or recorded at the announcement d ate are called accumulated costs. Changes are made to perceive costs acquired at the present bookkeeping time frame and record obligation that is available at the monetary record date. Thusly changing section increment business ledger and increment risk account.Why Adjusting Entries are Important Every business or association makes altering passages toward the finish of a set bookkeeping period. Changing passages are sections made toward the finish of a bookkeeping period to verify that the benefits and consumptions acknowledgment standards are followed (Kimmel, Weygandt, and Kieso, 2011). Gathering exchanges and the reasons for these exchanges ought to be accounted for when these monetary activities happen. These activities ought to be recorded when money is paid or gotten as well as whenever a monetary activity takes place.These significant ideas in bookkeeping are basic since they perceive net additions or misfortunes and a business’ budgetary position can be distinguished inside the bookkeeping time frame. The arrangements of general passages and postings are significant and the data added to these diaries ought to be exact and dependable. Reality in numbers is basic, and the data ought to be determined precisely. There are various reasons with respect to why changing sections are significant. To set up if the exact estimation of cost of merchandise sold and net benefit, altering passage of shutting stock is needed.To decide the right estimation of net benefit, changing section of devaluation is required. Making changing passages of advance costs are fundamental on the grounds that after this progression is finished a bookkeeper can remove advance cost from costs gathered, and this will be charged in next bookkeeping period when these costs will be payable. To show the right sums because of an outsider and to show right costs for the bookkeeping time frame making changing sections of extraordinary costs are significant. In this section the bookkeepe r must have charge cost and credit extraordinary cost for an outsider represented. ConclusionAs one can see, income acknowledgment and cost acknowledgment are significant pieces of the bookkeeping procedure of any business. It is additionally critical to comprehend what circumstances require an organization to alter their diary passages and why it is so imperative to do as such. With the suitable bookkeeping procedures and exact journaling, a company’s budget reports become progressively precise and simpler for both inward and outside clients to comprehend. Not exclusively do exact fiscal summaries stay with a beyond reproach and result, however it assists clients with settling on educated choices about that organization dependent on its money related health.Without great dynamic dependent on precise data, an organization won't have the option to succeed. References Kimmel, P. D. , Weygandt, J. J. , and Kieso, D. E. ( 2010). Money related bookkeeping: Tools for business dynam ic (sixth ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. 2011 Financial Principles Explained. Recovered from http://accountingexplained. com/monetary/standards/income acknowledgment Walther, L. (2012) Financial Accounting 2012 Edition. Recovered from http://www. principlesofaccounting. com/chapter3/chapter3. html sofaccounting. com/chapter3/chapter3. html

Social Media Impact for Consumer Preferences - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theSocial Media Impact for Consumer Preferences. Answer: Web-based social networking Impact And Business Success One of the most noteworthy components in todays business world is internet based life who is picking up unmistakable quality quickly. Simple to utilize innovation alongside different focal points can't be maintained a strategic distance from by entrepreneurs and is adjusted by them to acknowledge reasonable advantages. It is one of those apparatuses at fingertips that empower sharing informations internationally inside few seconds(Banerjee, 2015). The commitment of online life to business has ended up being a significant angle for business disappointment or achievement. The two kinds of web based life advertising systems are uninvolved and dynamic. So as to spread the mindfulness about companys items, organizations utilize these showcasing styles that assist them with allocating productive arrangement for marketing(Patrick, 2017). Dynamic procedure: The key target of dynamic technique in media promoting is to make business sites in the highest point of web search tool pages with the goal that each time a client makes any quest for wanted item on the web, the ideal companys name is reflected. The more crowds gets ready for marriage, odds of getting clients increase(JieXu, 2011). The dynamic procedure makes advancements and notices, yet additionally includes clients through talking. Question and answers can be deciphered diversely through genuine encounters about item. Hyper focussing on notices is additionally made by web-based social networking like LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook that objectives intrigued clients and holds data about them. Therefore by social occasion clients under one stage, dynamic system gets answerable for business successes(Chucwuemeca, 2016). Aloof system: Passive media procedure doesn't permit inclusion of clients like dynamic technique. It follows a progression of data in single sided heading where clients get the opportunity to understand informations and information in regards to items. TV and magazines are best models in which detached promoting methodology is used. In business latent procedure is enormously utilized where measurable information and shoppers voice is required(Patrick, 2017). The data increased through studies can be deciphered in inactive media showcasing from which organizations gets review of informations that could some way or another demonstrate costly by social occasion through close to home examinations. Uninvolved media promoting method are commonly utilized by partners for sharing companys information(JieXu, 2011). Both dynamic and detached media showcasing demonstrates useful for business accomplishment as innovation is partaken in basic way which empowers relational relations. One route sharing of data makes a reliable vehicle for clients as informations doesn't gets adjusted by outside sources. While utilizing dynamic system, the live communications made by extreme customers have consistently furnished with great effects on business. Along these lines it very well may be said that both the techniques are similarly essential to be fused in promoting by todays businesses(Patrick, 2017). References Banerjee, R. (2015). Effect of Social media on Consumer Preferences in Fashion Trends. Recovered from https://www.slideshare.net/RohinaBanerjee/sway of-internet based life on-buyer inclinations in-style patterns Chucwuemeca, V. (2016). The 4 Kinds of Media we Consume. Recovered from https://sambuno.com/uninvolved media-sorts media-devour/ JieXu, E. M. (2011). Getting Active and Passive Users: The Effects of an Active User Using Normal, Hard and Unreliable Technologies on User Assessment of Trust in Technology and Co-User. Recovered from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422026/ Patrick, M. (2017). Dynamic Vs. Uninvolved Marketing. Recovered from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/dynamic versus inactive showcasing 32665.html

Interested in Transferring to Illinois

Interested in Transferring to Illinois So, you’re interested in transferring to Illinois. This is a great place to start in order to ensure that you have all of your bases covered. In this blog, I’ll discuss the transfer application process as well as some really helpful resources for students looking to transfer to Illinois. Do Your Research Requirements for transferring vary depending on your credit level and intended program of study. Our Transfer Handbook lists all of our required and recommended courses as well as any minimums in terms of GPA or credit level, while our Transfer Requirements Directory gives you a quick overview of course and GPA requirements. If you took AP, IB, or A-Level exams, you can also review our credit equivalencies. If you are a current in-state student, you should reference iTransfer. Transferology If you’re wondering which of your courses will transfer to Illinois, look no further than Transferology! Transferology will help you determine which courses transfer to Illinois, while planning guides show you how your transfer credit can be used in an Illinois program of study. If you don’t see your course listed on Transferology, it doesn’t mean that it doesn’t transfer; it just means that nobody has ever transferred that course before. If this is the case, we may request a copy of your syllabus, so I would recommend holding onto those through your time at your current institution. Please note that the documents listed on Transferology don’t constitute a contract between you and Illinois, and that transfer credit for fine art skills courses are subject to audition and placement exam or portfolio review. If you have questions about general education requirements you can also email us at TransferAdvising@Illinois.edu. Open/Closed List Before you apply, you’ll definitely want to confirm that your intended major is currently considering applicants at your level. To do so, you can view our Open/Closed List. Applying Now that all of your prep work is done, you can look more into the application process. Our application for Spring 2019 opens on September 1 and closes on October 15, and our application for Fall 2019 opens on December 15 and closes on March 1, with an early action deadline of February 1. We do have rolling admission for transfer students, meaning it’s likely that the earlier you apply, the earlier you will receive your admission decision. For Spring 2019, you should hear by November or December, and for Fall 2019, you should hear by March or April. For more information about how we review transfer applications, visit our website. Hopefully I’ve answered any questions that you have regarding transfer admission here at Illinois. If not, feel free to leave a comment and I will get back to you as soon as possible. Finally, dont stress out too much during the transfer application process. Stay relaxed (just like this cat)! Zoe Transfer Recruitment Coordinator, Undergraduate Admissions I help transfer students navigate our application and admission process. I have a background not only in admissions but also in financial aid. I'm originally from southeastern Michigan.

Alice Perrers Mistress of Edward III

Different Aspects Of Organizational Perception Essay

As the marketplace has grown and competition has increased, organizations have become more holistic organisms. External operations, like public relations, marketing, and strategic planning, and internal operations, such as human resources, production, and accounting, use to be distinct entities. In current day organizations, however, these entities have been forced to work together as customer service has become the emphasis of an organization. External and internal operations are now blended, which has brought about a need to combine marketing studies with organizational theory (Hatch Schultz, 1997). This marriage between marketing theory and organizational theory has sparked an interest in image, identity, and reputation management. Each of theses three concepts offers a unique perspective on different aspects of organizational perception, but each concept also influences the other. It is the goal of this paper to examine the concepts and how they relate to the sport management fi eld. First, key ideas in each of the three concepts will be explored and their relationship to sport. Next, the interrelationships between the concepts will be examined. Finally, the strengths and weakness of image, identity, and reputation literature will be considered in addition to suggestions for future research. Image The explanation of image has evolved over the years and taken on different meanings depending on the perspective of literature scholars have taken. Gotsi and WilsonShow MoreRelatedAttitude, Personality, Perception965 Words   |  4 Pagesto develop organizational activities. Personality, attitude, and perception of people, there is no doubt, can be principally viewed as the determinants of which understand people’s behavior and create effective and efficient work groups. 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Italo Calvino Free Essays

Saad Ahmed Prof. Frank Meola EN-2013W Assignment 3 Italo Calvino’s deceptively easy style of writing gives captivates the interest of the readers. He makes one simple tale interesting and well anchored. We will write a custom essay sample on Italo Calvino or any similar topic only for you Order Now His writings are very well-constructed; it’s like the soft cotton inside the seed: Even if the topic is hard to think about, the writer makes it warm and soft and makes his point very clear to the reader. Italo Calvino not only writes short well-crafted tails but also focuses on real life and relates them to scientific aspects. An example of this can be Cosmicomics; one of his very popular books where the appearance of the characters were very simple. The writer synthesized the characters with his great scientific vision and humanized writing; also he was able to show how scientists might reflect their ability to work and handle science in order to have a great impact on human life. â€Å"It narrates the war adventures of a young street urchin, a boy of about twelve of thirteen, mischievously wicked and at the same time native. Their mother is dead and their father has long abandoned them. Pin, who has no friends of his own age, fends for himself, working as a cobbler’s apprentice, stealing and getting free drinks from the men at the local taven†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp 10-11). Siegel, Kristi explained the humanizing characteristics of Italo Calvino’s Cosmicomics in the above way. She pointed out how in Cosmicomics, Italo Calvino not only has focused on well-constructed science and its importance but also how it affects daily lives and how the affects can be improved and be made useful for human. Calvino modulates the novel on two distinct tones† (pp 14). â€Å"With this story Calvino dramatizes the ills of our society where all our values can be booth and sold and everything is valued in terms of production and consumption† (pp 35); The writer shows the great sight Calvino’s way of humanizing stories integrated by not only science but also by economics. Martin L. McLaughlin also described Calvino’s way of attaching science with human life. Alongside these scientific thematic, this early dialogue also evinces Calvino’s admiration for the two Italian writers for whom the moon and space had a special resonance, and who would become key literary models for the new Cosmicomics genre, Galileo and Leopardi. † (pp 82: Chapter 6). From the writers opinion on Italo Calvino, it can be recognized that he (I. C) was passionate about science and its huge domain of covering up the whole universe, but again he focused more on how these kind of scientific ideas are actually helping human and improving their abilities. In his book, â€Å"The Castle of Crossed Destinies†, Italo Calvino has attached fiction with great art and his aim was to improvise thinking skills. According to Great Science-Fiction Fantasy Works, â€Å"In The Castle, the tarots that make up each story are arranged in a double file, horizontal or vertical, and are crossed by three further double files of tarots (horizontal or vertical) which make up other stories. The result is a general pattern in which you can â€Å"read† three stories horizontally and three stories vertically, and in addition, each of these sequences of cards can also be read: in reverse, as another tale. Thus we have a total of twelve stories. † In his book t-zero, Italo Calvino showed how to humanize science again. He described his characters out of a mathematical formula and simple cellular structures. â€Å"Orbit? Oh, elliptical, of course† for a while it would huddle against us and then it would take flight for a while. The tides, when the Moon swung closer, rose so high nobody could hold them back. There were nights when the Moon was full and very, very low, and the tide was so high that the Moon missed a ducking in the sea by a hair’s-breadth; well, let’s say a few yards anyway. Climb up on the Moon? Of course we did. All you had to do was row our to it in a boat and, when you were underneath, prop a ladder against her and scramble up. † This couple of lines shows his great sense of organizing thoughts regarding fiction including human life. Robert M. Philmus has talked about Italo Calvino’s writing style and his ability to connect two separate items in one point. In his (Robert) book â€Å"Visions and re-visions: re-constructing science fiction, he mentioned, â€Å"Calvino’s habitual solemnity in addressing the public in propria persona as a critic confirms his comic vocation a fiction writer not just because these two Calvinos appear to be at odds with one another, but more because they together fit the usual psychological profile of the comedian. † In â€Å"Mapping complexity: literature and science in the works of Italo Calvino†, the writer Kerstin Pils showed another great example of Italo Calvinos way of conjugating science and humanity together in his (I. C) book â€Å"Qfwfq†. In writer’s (K. P) own voice, â€Å"Qfwfq’s fear of disorder is mirrored by the Khan’s melancholic reflection that the feeling of pride that accompanies the conquest of vast territories is only a short-lived emotion that is quickly superseded by, What distresses him in the insight that the Second Law of Thermodynamics has pushed the universe and empire down a path of dissipation and disintegration. It is a destructive force that escapes the scepter of conquest and reason. † Italo Calvino has used science as a very common part of his stories. The way one character goes along, the writer has also improved science, economics and fiction the same way. His aim was to identify one bullet point in his stories and explain it to the readers in the simplest tale possible; also by adding his humorous approach and fiction based intense words. His support was towards the good deeds; but throughout his writings, he has left the final decision upon every mind after raising the question. Works Cited Siegel, Kristi. Italo Calvino’s Cosmicomics: Qfwfg’s Postmodern Autobiography. Robert M. Philmus. Visions and re-visions: (re)constructing science fiction. 10: ‘Elsewhere Elsewhen Otherwise’: Italo Calvino’s ‘Cosmicomics’ Tales, pp 190-223. Martin L. McLaughlin. Italo Calvino. Chapter 6: Experimental Space; The Cosmicomics Stories, pp 82-98. Kerstin Pilz. Mapping complexity: literature and science in the works of Italo Calvino, pp 80-120, pp 150-176. Beno Weiss. Italo CALVINO. University of South Carolina Press, 1933, pp 123-168. How to cite Italo Calvino, Papers

Relics of the Early Greek and Roman Cultures Essay Example

Relics of the Early Greek and Roman Cultures Essay Relics of the Greek and Early Roman Cultures I visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Saturday, November 30, 2002.When I entered the galleries, used a floor map to locate the rooms of the Belfer Court.This map showed me that all of the galleries I needed to complete the project were adjacent to each other, so I did not need to look at the map any longer.It was simple to figure out what time period the artifacts were from, since the information cards indicated it.The sculptures were also easy to find since they were noticeable due to their large sizes.The museum made the project a great learning experience. The rooms of the Belfer Court featured Greek and Roman art from the earliest times to the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.Pottery had always been a great indicator of the values and traditions of the Greek civilizations.I located an example of pottery known as the Terracotta column-krater (41.162.79).It was from the Early Corinthian period in ca. 625 600 B.C.This was a bowl u sed for mixing wine and water.It was about one and a half feet in height and about two feet in diameter.This bowl was most likely used at parties and festivals.It was very popular at that time to paint vases, and this vase had paintings of padded dancers.These were dancers that wore special outfits that draw attention to the belly and the buttocks.The picture on the vase showed them dancing while circling around a wine-krater.It was probably made of clay or some other kind of material used for making pottery at those times.This item indicates that the people of those times enjoyed festivals and parties, and had a good idea of recreational activities. The early Greek civilizations were known for being warrior cultures.The galleries in the rooms of the Belfer Court also featured many armaments and some weapons used in battle.I picked two similarly structured bronze helmets (1989.281.49,. 50).They were made i

Free Essays on Cheapskate

How To Be A Great Cheapskate! What a cheapskate! Face it; in modern society money doesn’t grow on trees. With the economy at low every penny saved is a penny earned! Being cheap is a way of life and can save money for those who are knowledgeable. Although the life of a cheapskate is not a glamorous one, it can still be considered a rewarding one. Clipping and saving coupons are easy and a great place to start saving money. Coupons can be found for practically anything. The best place to find them is in the Sunday paper. It is filled with savings and coupons can be found on nearly every page. Another place to find coupons is in the daily mail. Often thought of as junk mail and thrown away, mail coupons can add up to big savings. Another way to find coupons is to simply buy them. Coupon books such as the Entertainment Book offer savings on restaurants, travel, sporting events and movies with savings of up to fifty percent. Everyone loves a sale and stores love to have them. Back to school sales, end of school sales, holiday sales, seasonal sales, these are just a few examples. There are sales for every occasion. It is nice having the latest fashions or the newest electronics, but why pay full price when that item will eventually be on sale for a discounted one? Finding out when an item will be on sale is as simple as asking an employee. Most store employees are knowledgeable of upcoming sales and are more than willing to help the consumer in saving money. Checking the newspaper is another way to find sale items and upcoming sales. Scratch and dent or open items are yet another way to save big. In shipping, items can be damaged or scratched. Rather than returning these items to the manufacturer, stores offer savings as high as seventy percent on scratch and dent merchandise. Scratch and dent items can be found at almost all retail stores and food markets. It pays to look at a product carefully before purchas... Free Essays on Cheapskate Free Essays on Cheapskate How To Be A Great Cheapskate! What a cheapskate! Face it; in modern society money doesn’t grow on trees. With the economy at low every penny saved is a penny earned! Being cheap is a way of life and can save money for those who are knowledgeable. Although the life of a cheapskate is not a glamorous one, it can still be considered a rewarding one. Clipping and saving coupons are easy and a great place to start saving money. Coupons can be found for practically anything. The best place to find them is in the Sunday paper. It is filled with savings and coupons can be found on nearly every page. Another place to find coupons is in the daily mail. Often thought of as junk mail and thrown away, mail coupons can add up to big savings. Another way to find coupons is to simply buy them. Coupon books such as the Entertainment Book offer savings on restaurants, travel, sporting events and movies with savings of up to fifty percent. Everyone loves a sale and stores love to have them. Back to school sales, end of school sales, holiday sales, seasonal sales, these are just a few examples. There are sales for every occasion. It is nice having the latest fashions or the newest electronics, but why pay full price when that item will eventually be on sale for a discounted one? Finding out when an item will be on sale is as simple as asking an employee. Most store employees are knowledgeable of upcoming sales and are more than willing to help the consumer in saving money. Checking the newspaper is another way to find sale items and upcoming sales. Scratch and dent or open items are yet another way to save big. In shipping, items can be damaged or scratched. Rather than returning these items to the manufacturer, stores offer savings as high as seventy percent on scratch and dent merchandise. Scratch and dent items can be found at almost all retail stores and food markets. It pays to look at a product carefully before purchas...

Words Ending in -aire

Words Ending in -aire Words Ending in -aire Words Ending in -aire By Mark Nichol A small class of English words derived from the Latin suffixes -arius/-aria/-arium, meaning â€Å"connected with† or â€Å"pertaining to,† can be identified by the French descendant -aire. Here is a summary of those terms as used in English. The primarily British English term commissionaire refers to someone who performs commissions. (That word is used in the sense of â€Å"tasks.†) Debonair was originally the French phrase de bon aire, meaning â€Å"of good family, nature, or race†; it was applied originally to well-trained hawks, later pertained to people of a courteous nature, and was then revived (after that sense became obsolete) to refer to a confident, sophisticated man. Doctrinaire describes a dogmatic, headstrong person (the root word is descended from the Latin word doctor in its original sense of â€Å"teacher†). Extraordinaire is an adjective that, in deference to its French origins, is often located after the noun it modifies; its root word, meaning â€Å"regular† or â€Å"usual,† ultimately stems from ordo, the Latin word from which order is derived. Millionaire is based on million, from the Italian term millione, meaning â€Å"a great thousand† (a thousand thousands); it refers to someone whose wealth amounts to at least a million dollars. By extension, a billionaire is someone who has a billion dollars or more; inevitably, there will eventually be trillionaires. Legionnaire derives from the Latin legion, which stems from legere, a verb meaning â€Å"gather† or â€Å"select.† A legion was the basic military unit in ancient Rome, and the French adopted the term and formed legionnaire to refer to a soldier. In English it is associated with the personnel of France’s Foreign Legion, and in the United States it is known as part of the name of Legionnaire’s disease, so named because the first outbreak occurred at a convention of the patriotic organization known as the American Legion. Solitaire, from the Latin word solitarius, meaning â€Å"alone† or â€Å"isolated,† came to refer to a recluse or a widow and then later a single gem, but now it is mostly associated with a card game one plays by oneself. The French word affaire, adopted into English in the diplomatic title â€Å"charge d’affaires† (which refers to a deputy ambassador or minister) is unrelated, as is the English form affair; they are descended from the French phrase faire, meaning â€Å"to do,† and are related to facile and fact. Luminaire, from the French word for â€Å"lamp† or â€Å"lighting† and referring to a lighting unit, also has no connection; it’s from the Latin word lumen, meaning â€Å"light.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Does "Mr" Take a Period?How Do You Fare?

Compare and contrast Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of the Essay

Compare and contrast Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of the standard neoclassical view of the competitive process - Essay Example Essentially, this paper would tackle about the problematic assumptions of the neoclassical model. Specifically, there will be a discussion on the different competitive processes described under the Neoclassical, Austrian, and Post-Keynesian approaches. There will also be a brief comparison between the Austrian and Post-Keynesian critics towards the neoclassical model, based on the different elements scrutinised by both Kirzner and Lavoie. Lastly, this paper will present the proposed alternative lines of thought of Kirzner and Lavoie, in their attempt to correct the mishaps created by the neoclassical model. II. Brief Overview of the Neoclassical Perspective The Neoclassical approach views the real world of market economies to be exactly representative of markets at equilibrium state. It assumes that the world mirrors the interrelationships present in equilibrium condition of the market. It also contends that the market is composed of agents whose maximisation desires fit each otherâ €™s wants (Kirzner, 1997, p.63). ... As long as the price lets demand and supply to intersect, the market will work efficiently. An additional assumption of the Neoclassical approach states that individuals and firms are expected to make rational decisions for their own benefit, so that individuals are expected to make decisions geared towards utility maximisation while firms are assumed to be always aiming for profit maximisation. Lastly, the Neoclassical model assumes that individuals and firms are given full relevant information about the market (Kirzner, 1997, p.63). With all these assumptions, it is not surprising to see economists who perceive the Neoclassical view as some kind of a classic utopia in economics. For some, it failed to account several important characteristics of a market economy. Economists also began to contest the utmost motive of both individuals and firms in the buy, sell, and trade of goods and services. Some of them proposed that firms and individuals are not inherently maximisation-seekers b ecause they also have other ulterior motives in interacting with the market. Last and most importantly, economists start to go back to the question of equilibrium theory set in the neoclassical model. They continue to examine the elements built under this equilibrium model and attempts to invalidate the realism of the theoretical framework set in this assumption. III. Similarities between the Fundamental Characteristics of Austrian and Post-Keynesian Approaches The Fundamental Question on Neoclassical Theory on Markets’ State of Equilibrium Among this multitude of converging economists are Israel Kirzner and Marc Lavoie. Although each of them belongs to different schools of thought, both economists challenge the neoclassical perspective and its critical elements.

Foodborne illness Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Foodborne illness - Thesis Example In this specific case, experts presumed the hen houses in which the eggs are produced were also home to rodents, which can taint food products with salmonella bacteria. There is no indication from these sources that a violation of HACCP procedures occurred, or that the cause of the salmonella was the result of an accident. In many cases of outbreak, it is best to treat the effects of the problem immediately before addressing its cause (Anders & Caswell, 2009). Although macrotrends of increasing foodborne illnesses are apparent, there has not been any significant increase in the number outbreak cases within the period from 2005 to 2008 (Nyachuba, 2010). Such outbreaks are preventable during the different stages of food consumption: namely, by the use of good agricultural practices at the first stage, which includes rigorous use of the HACCP program, good manufacturing practices, and standard operating procedures for sanitation. Part of this commitment to food safety might include trai ning employees to avoid food contamination by properly sanitizing equipment and food-contact surfaces and preventing cross-contamination.

Domestic Violence and A Mandatory Arrest

Domestic Violence and A Mandatory Arrest Domestic violence is a serious problem in todays society. According to FBI statistics, about 4 million incidents of domestic violence occur throughout each year in the United States. The FBI states, In the United States of America, a man beats a woman every 12 seconds (Mordini, 2004). Mordini, an associate at the Davis Brown Law Firm, conducted a study that found approximately 3.3 million children witness acts of domestic violence each year and that 70% of men who beat their wives also abuse their children. Domestic violence costs American businesses $4 billion dollars each year in the low productivity, staff turnover, absenteeism, and excessive use of medical benefits (Mordini, 2004). During the early 1970s and 1980s, research and studies on domestic violence drew national attention to the issue. Since the middle of the 1980s, recognition of domestic violence has resulted in the problem of shifting from a minor public concern to a major policy issue. Since 1994 alone, the number of new laws enacted across the country that deal with domestic violence is well over 1,500 and the number of bills introduced during this same time is estimated to be around 10 to 20,000 (Miller 2005). In order for mandatory arrest laws on domestic violence to be put into action there were serious debates occurring on how police officers can make an arrest if they have probable cause that domestic violence has in fact occurred. During the mid to late 1980s, a number of states adopted such laws as an effort to combat domestic violence and to control police behavior. However, there is no clear consensus among politicians, law enforcement officials and researchers on the effects that mandatory arrest policies have for victims of domestic violence (Miller, 2005). Thus, the verdict remains unclear on whether these laws provide the intended protection and relief to victims they were designed to, or whether they are the cause of unintended consequences such as increased violence. The domestic violence law slowly evolved throughout the years. Under early common law, women were seen as the property of their fathers or their husbands, and they consequently lacked any kind of identity of their own. This principle was embodied by common law because, when a man and a woman marry, they were seen as a legal entity. A husband had inter-spousal immunity from torts from his wife, but he would be held responsible for torts of his wife, prior to and after marriage (Mordini, 2004). Due to this principle, a husband is able to discipline his wife if she misbehaved. This introduces the Rule of Thumb concept. This concept encouraged violence against women and came from a time that allowed a man to beat his wife as long as he didnt use a stick that was thicker than his thumb (Rizer III, 2005). This concept regulated the use of violence and allowed acceptance within society. Under the 1974 North Carolina court ruling, the law provides that, absent a showing of permanent injury or malice, the preferred treatment of domestic violence cases was to draw a curtain, shut out the public gaze, and leave the parties to forgive and forget (Mordini, 2004). The beating of a wife became a big social issue and it took awhile for the court to deem it unlawful. In 1920, violence against women finally became illegal in all fifty states, including the District of Columbia. However, the legal prohibition of domestic violence still did not protect domestic violence victims because the predominant opinion was that the law should stay out of the private matters of the home (Mordini 2004). Finally, until the 1960s and 1970s, did women start taking a stand and domestic violence womens shelters were created. Another development over history was the Battered Women Movement. Rather than taking on an overwhelmingly political front, shelters looked at the psychological aspects of battery. Instead of having marches and protests on the streets, coordinators and volunteers at these shelters worked individually with each victim and gave the movement a very personal and individual voice. Hotlines and crisis centers were created for victims. The motto of this movement was we will not be beaten. This movement led to more victims speaking out about how they are being abused behind closed doors by their husbands. Some believe that the Battered Womens Movement is often overlooked because of the perceived lack of impact it had during the second wave of feminism. Because there were no dramatic rallies or events to draw large-scale attention to the movement, people have often disregarded it as nothing more than moderately influential. However, what they dont realize is that it had a different type of power that didnt draw too much of attention as how other feminist acts did (Lutz, 2004). Police response to domestic violence became an issue when efforts were criticized for putting too much attention on victims and not on legal remedies. These complaints were mostly about the inadequate police response to domestic violence calls, and the failure of the criminal justice system to treat these incidents as crimes. In the criminal justice system, police officers are considered to be mediators and peacemakers within the community when it comes to enforcing the law on domestic violence. Research was done and found that police officers followed what is known as the stitch rules. These rules justified a wife who claims to be abused by her spouse must acquire a number of surgical stitches before an arrest could be made. Another research found that the police response time was slightly longer when it came to responding to domestic disputes. The average response time was 4.65 minutes compared to 3.86 minutes for non-domestic disturbance calls (Mordini, 2004). However, in the mid 1980s there was a great shift in expanded change within the legal approach to consider domestic violence as a criminal act. The expansion of law enforcement to make warrant less arrests assisted the introduction of domestic violence as a criminal act. This new change demolished the common law and changed the views of law enforcement. Instead of following the common law approach, law enforcement based their arrests on discretion and probable cause. However, some police officers still believed that their role was to mediate the issue and not use probable cause in certain cases involving domestic violence. In 1984 an experiment called the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE) was conducted by two individuals, Sherman and Berk. These two individuals were the first to study mandatory arrest. The reason for this study was to address and figure out how police should respond to misdemeanor cases of domestic violence. In this study, they found that arrest reduces and deters future violence acts from occurring (Sherman and Berk, 1984). With the continued reluctance of police officers willing to respond properly to domestic disturbance calls, new issues arose. The case of Tracy Thurman vs. City of Torrington made an impact on law enforcement response time and grabbed the attention of the criminal justice system. In this case, Tracy Thurman, a domestic violence victim, was repeatedly assaulted by her estranged spouse. In June of 1983, she was stabbed and left permanently disabled. The problem that occurred with this case was that police officers knew her husband as a counter worker at the community diner. Knowing about previous calls to the police and his one prior arrest which led Mrs. Thurman to put a restraining order on her husband, the police overlooked the situation. The outcome of this case led the city of Torrington to pay Tracy Thurman $2.3 million and the court ruled that, If officials have notice of the possibility of attacks on women in domestic relationships or other persons, they are under an affirmative duty to take reasonable measures to protect personal safety of such persons in the community. Failure to perform this duty would constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws (Miller, 2004). This case, as well as other cases involving domestic violence victims, played an important role in reminding law enforcement that assault against a partner is considered a crime and that victims have constitutional rights to police protection (Miller, 2004). Mandatory arrest is the mechanism that controls police behavior and helps to clarify the role of the police in domestic violence situations (Rizer III, 2005). Between the years 1984 to 1989, the most support for mandatory policies was generated and arrests increased by 70%. This may not necessarily be a good thing because more arrests means more police time, and it is estimated that it takes around three to four hours of an officers time to process a domestic arrest (Rizer III 2005). The main accomplishment of mandatory arrest is that it protects the victim from immediate violence by separating the batterer and the victim. Mandatory arrest also sends a message to the batterer that his or her behavior is criminal and will not be tolerated by the community. It also sends a message to the victim, who has been assaulted, that domestic violence is a social problem and it is not the victims responsibility to stop it. Even though there are accomplishments of mandatory arrest, there are also concerns. One of the concerns is known as the Blanket Approach. This approach states that mandatory arrest fails to take into account the fact that not all victims are the same and how it affects a victims desire to have their batterer arrested. Victims may not want their batterer arrested because they are either dependent on them, dont want the arrest to occur in front of their children, the arrest might jeopardize their immigration status, or the arrest may put the batterers job at risk. Another concern about mandatory arrest is that it may be too harsh in certain circumstances. This is where the no-drop prosecution policies are introduced. The no-drop prosecution policies occur when a victim drops the charges as part of the cycle of the abuse (Simon, 2007). These policies also allow police reports to be used by prosecutors in court to convict an individual for domestic violence. Mandatory arrest has its positives and negatives. One problem that falls under mandatory arrest is the process of dual arrest. Dual arrest is when both parties allege that the other was the aggressor, leading the police to arrest both parties, including the innocent victim who may have been acting in self-defense (Miller, 2005). A 1988 study was conducted in Los Angeles, California to show significance of the dual arrest policy. In this study, with the use of mandatory arrest policies, three times as many women were arrested compared to less than twice as many men. This study showed that dual arrest has consequences for victims of domestic violence which include, the loss of victim status, transportation to a safe location, issuance of a restraining order, participation in victim assistance programs, loss of employment, and loss of child custody (Miller, 2005). Due to the dual arrest policies, victims may feel that seeking police help or intervention leads to these negative outcomes. In order to deal with this problem of dual arrest, the criminal justice system introduced disproportionate outcomes that address the concern of innocent victims being falsely accused and arrested for domestic violence. States adopted new policies that mandated that officers receive training to develop their abilities in handling domestic complaints effectively and adopted primary aggressors to mandate dual arrests (Rizer III, 2005). However, there is concern that these policies are discriminatory. Some researchers claim that the policies are bias against males and police will usually arrest the male even if there isnt substantial evidence to support the arrest being made. Another problem is that mandatory arrest policies could also provoke the batterer into becoming more violent towards their partner (Iyengar, 2006). Comparing states with the mandatory arrest law show that they have about a 50% higher homicide rate than states without such laws. Radha Iyengar assumes that arrest doesnt deter violence, but it may in some cases cause revenge towards the victim when the batterer is released. As mentioned earlier, the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment was the most influential research conducted on mandatory arrest laws and domestic violence. This study was random and scientifically controlled. The goal of the research was to test the effects of arrest on misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence within different police interventions. The findings of this experiment found that the arrest group maintained the lowest rates of future assaults, threats, and property damage (Sherman and Berk, 1984). Sherman and Berk introduce the specific deterrence doctrine and labeling theory as the literature of how punishment affects behavior. The specific deterrence doctrine claims that legal sanctions suppress crime by making punished persons more sensitive to legal threats in the future and human behavior is considered to be rational when influenced by incentives (Sherman and Berk, 1984). The labeling theory states that punishment makes individuals more likely to commit crime and legal sanctions increase crime by assigning the role or label of criminal to offenders. This primary deviance results in secondary deviance (Sherman and Berk, 1984). The subsequent research and intimate partner homicides were conducted by Radha Iyengar, a professor at the London school of economics. In her study, she wanted to find out if the certainty of arrest actually reduces domestic violence. Iyengar used the FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports, which provide data on all homicides in the United States that took place in the years 1976 to 2003. The results of her analyses showed that although overall homicide rates have been on the decline, states with mandatory arrest policies had a significant increased amount of intimate partner homicides (Iyengar 2006). She further reinforced her findings by looking at a number of covariates for demographics, economic conditions, and social policies such as provisions of divorce laws and welfare assistance, which she found no significant effect (Iyengar 2006). As a result in her findings, Iyengar found that there was conflict with the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment findings. Her study estimates the effect of knowing that arrest is a definite consequence of contacting the police and that the threat of arrest is inadequate in deterring abusers from killing their victims (Iyengar, 2006). In the Rural and Urban Homicide studies, researchers found that the norms of society and tradition govern behavior that lead to violence among certain groups. For instance, family and intimate partner homicides are usually a result of a history of abuse, where other homicides involving strangers are not. In stranger-acquaintance homicides, males are more likely to be the victims and account for over 90% of the perpetrators. In comparison, women are at greater risk of being the victims of intimate-partner homicides and when they are perpetrators in a homicide, they are more likely to kill within a family context (Gallup-Black, 2005). There are differences between rural and urban areas considering the layout of geography, the community dynamics, crime control, and family-intimate partner abuse patterns. The nature of interpersonal relationships may be more or less likely to involve individuals to know one another based on these differences in communities in the different areas. Lack of state in rural communities may exert a chilling effect on those seeking assistance for intimate-partner or family abuse. This problem could lead to an increase in homicide rates (Gallup-Black, 2005). After discussing about domestic violence and mandatory arrest laws, many questions have erupted about this issue. What else should be considered? Gender stereotypes have an importance due to the different definitions of gender and sex. This can propose obstacles for victims who are trying to get protection and also for the criminal justice system that has to deal with these cases. Research has also shown that sex of the perpetrator influences the criminal justice response to domestic violence (Schmesser 2007). This suggests that not only do definitions of domestic violence need to be considered, but also how these laws are carried out in practice, and the social context and biases that may impact their effectiveness and or application. Same-sex relationships are not addressed in statutes, which deny them equal protection under the law. The way states depart from each other is by whether their domestic violence law covers couples who live together, who lived together previously, who are dating or who dated prior and same-sex couples. Future research may aim to look more specifically at the definitions and protections within each state statute because the protection levels provided are not uniform across all fifty states. Another issue that should be considered is race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This is significant because it suggests that the implementation of mandatory arrest policies may have unintended consequences for minority groups. Race is an important variable to consider when looking at the effectiveness of these laws, because race impacts domestic violence. In order to understand this impact, race needs to be understood in context of our societys long history of oppression and subordination of different minority groups, most notable African Americans (Buzawa Buzawa 2003). This may cause these groups to be less likely involved in calling for police assistance if it means an arrest will occur. Socioeconomic status and race are also significant together because studies have found that environmental stress and family pathologies-including poverty, social dislocation, unemployment, and population density. Future research may consider the importance of place, socioeconomic distress fa ctors, and race when looking at the effectiveness of mandatory arrest laws on domestic violence. In conclusion of this policy, the studies and researches conducted to justify the mandatory arrest policy on domestic violence proved that this policy will undergo further debate. This is a strong topic and a difficult issue to have a similar opinion on but with further research and studies, the criminal justice system can come to an agreement on how to handle this policy. Domestic violence is a huge problem within the United States and hopefully the criminal justice system can figure out a policy that can help decrease the amount of cases involving domestic disputes and disturbances. Law enforcement also plays an important role with this policy. Police officers must realize that community policing, as well as traditional policing can lead to the reduction of domestic violence. Each state has its own way of dealing with domestic violence. The state of Hawaii is in the learning process on creating laws to protect victims on domestic violence due to the recent amount of homicide cases involving domestic assaults. As each day passes, there is a new victim to domestic violence. It is up to the government to find a policy that can help victims and their families cope with domestic violence and law enforcement needs to stay involved with the mixture of community and traditional policing.

Mandating School Uniforms Essay

The controversy on school uniforms has continued from the early 1990’s and its worth was reiterated by President Bill Clinton in his State of the Union Address in 1996. In attending a school which incorporates the school uniforms parents need to know what school uniforms represent, the goal of the schools for their children, and what should be taught to their children. School uniforms create unity and pride. School uniforms are also encouraged as a means to help ensure students safety and assist them in achieving academic success. Although it is argued that  school uniforms is a breach of a student’s freewill for self- expression, all public schools should incorporate uniforms because it creates and symbolizes unity and pride, heightens discipline, but most importantly it is believed that the reinforcement of school uniforms decrease bullying, disciplinary actions ,and violence. School uniforms create unity with uniforms being the same across the whole campus. Teachers are able to identify students and separate them from outsiders or those who are on campus without permission. Parents also play a big role in educating students with what uniforms represent for them and the schools they attend. Students will become more confident in engaging with their peers and teachers because they will not feel any different but rather have a sense of belonging. Huss’s (2007) article â€Å"Do uniforms influence teacher expectations† reports that teachers perceived an elevation in the overall morale at the school after the implementation of the school uniform policy. School uniforms boost confidence in students and makes it easier to interact with one another without being self-conscious about the attire he and/or she has on. It is an acknowledgement of the schools they attend but most importantly who they represent as  individuals. Students with low socioeconomic statuses are unable to express themselves if they are unable to afford the new and latest trends which may cause them to feel out of place. Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 3 Would a parent ever want his and/or her child singled out because of clothing? Parents need to think about all students who are currently affected and not only for their own child’s sake or unnecessary want. Other students who wish for brand name clothing and cannot have them tend to shy away from others and eventually shy away from school. With school uniforms  implemented students will learn to appreciate themselves as students, and without distractions from clothes they will be able to see one another for who and what they represent which is the act of unity and the start of discipline. Anderson (2002) states that when students dress alike, a â€Å"team-like† culture develops, and this promotes school spirit and positive self-images. Uniform is in fact a representation of one, and students will grow to understand the value of wearing a uniform. Because all students look alike, differences are pushed aside thus allowing more time to focus on academics. School uniforms decrease disciplinary actions because students have more self-respect, respect for their peers and for their teachers. Some school personnel believe students and teachers tend to behave the way they are allowed to dress (Stephens, 1996). When school uniforms are present in schools the goal is to make a distinction between teachers and students. Teachers are given the authority to teach and students are given an undivided attention from teachers which will allow them to learn. An observation of a United Kingdom school conducted by Amy Walmsley (2011) stated with school uniforms implemented students are more likely to  respect peers and teachers because they are reminded that their job is to be a student. Students will attend school in uniforms and cannot differentiate with one another as they are able to identify themselves and their peers as students are all in school for one common goal which is to learn and exceed in academics. Teachers can lead by example and support the integration of school uniforms by wearing similar colors to school consequently reminding the students that Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 4 they are all on the same page. Parents and guardians can lend a hand in educating their children  as well to ensure students understand the importance of school uniforms in creating discipline overall school campus. With discipline comes more control in the schools and school uniforms can definitely be one influential cause. Studies conducted with regards to student discipline has shown that schools which have incorporated school uniforms have noted that students behaved better, paid more attention in class, and interacted in a respectful manner than before the implementation took place (Huss, 2007). As Angela Walmsley (2011) reiterates in her article, â€Å"teachers appreciate the fact that the  presence of school uniforms brings a sense of duty to the students and respect for the school and teachers. Uniforms should be used to create a positive school climate in which students focus on learning and bring back a little bit more respect for teachers and students in the classroom†. Teachers perceived improvement in academic and achievement motivation, an increased sense of responsibility by students acknowledging a more effective use of instructional time, and greater participation in classroom activities (Huss,2007). Why else would parents not want to implement  school uniforms in public schools? Students are being bullied, violated, and threatened for their designer or brand name clothing. Others with low socioeconomic statuses are constantly being harassed and ridiculed because they do not fit in a social group due to what they wear. The implementation of school uniforms can minimize the act of bullying in schools. Nowadays fashion trends and designer clothes are aimed to a younger generation, and students are going out of their way to flaunt (show off new clothes with attitude) them. While some students are fortunate enough to receive  these with parents who are able to afford them, others are not able to because their parents have much more important things to worry about with regards to how money is being spent in their Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 5 households. Students cannot learn to appreciate the effort of the school for the integration of school uniforms if parents continue to condone this type of behavior. Parents need to be mindful of all other reasons that may affect students while they are in school and their cry for freedom of expression. In an attempt to help stop bullying The Federal Government has created a Stop  Bullying website and brings to light a certain group of students who may be at risk of being bullied. Some of the children who may be at risk of being bullied if it has not occurred yet are perceived as different from their peers because of different clothing or not wearing what other students consider cool (â€Å"Stop Bullying, † n. d) . Students especially those who are females are known to degrade one another if the clothes worn are not of the latest style. An editor, Vanessa O’Connell of The Wall Street Journal writes and reports on fashion bullies from a public school which has yet to incorporate a school uniform. Students without the latest cool brands have become a target for bullying because they are wearing the wrong brands. It is stated that the number of fashion bullies (or those related to clothing) and incidents have increased over the years, therefore calling for assistance in reduction of these types of incidents. Susan M. Swearer, associate professor of school psychology at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, surveyed a total of more than 1,000 students at five Midwestern middle schools from 1999 to 2004, with about 56% of the sample female, and more than one-third of the students admits to being bullied  because of their clothing (O’Connell, 2007). Students should not have to worry about clothing but it is happening and it needs to stop with the reinforcement of school uniforms. Furthermore, the Bullying Statistics from 2013 has stated that 77% of students are being bullied on a regular basis, and half of the percentage is made up of students who are harassed and fear returning to school. The effects of bullying are low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and some suicidal thoughts. Bullying due to clothing occurs when students are being teased or Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 6 humiliated constantly for not having the latest designer clothes, or for having a different type of style in attire such as Goth wear or those of a low socioeconomic status. Name-calling, dirty stares, elimination from social groups are some of the actions defined as bullying which students are involved in at school. With the integration of school uniforms there should be no bullying in school with respect to the types of clothing the students should wear. Students will not be intimidated by one another because they choose to express themselves differently, therefore  permitting them to the freedom they need to learn and exceed in academics. The most important reason school uniforms should be incorporated is to help decrease violence. Violence in schools has been marked by health professionals as a threat to overall health and academic success of students (Stephens, 1996). In addition, programs which were implemented in schools to assist with violence have noted a possible connection between school violence and the type of clothing students wear (King, 1998). Most cases are due to the fashion trends which is most attractive by students such as brand name clothing or urban wear which are  over-sized and can be mistakenly identified as gang-related clothing. This type of wear is the made popular by famous hip hop artists and rappers whom students look to imitate and idolize. Students have had violent encounters in school because some individuals envy them because they cannot afford to purchase these types of clothing. Furthermore, gang members are usually differentiated from one another through the colors they wear and there have been instances where students from local schools are unintentionally harmed or gunned down due to the colors they choose to wear to express themselves in school. Other students who become victim to these occurrences are able to hide weapons in their large clothing which is potentially placing all students in harm’s way. Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 7 Violence in schools has been an ongoing issue over the last decades and King notes in his article Should School Uniforms be Mandated in Elementary School how violence has negatively influenced students and have caused one of every 10 to 12 youths to stay away from school does so because of fear (Stephens, 1997; Everett & Price,1995). Students fear for their lives because of the common occurrence of violence. They are no longer motivated to attend nor learn from school as they do not feel safe in school. These feelings eventually cause isolation and causes students to drop out of school. With the implementation of school uniforms, fights over looks and styles will discontinue hence giving faculty, staff, teachers, and parents more time to focus on academic success of students. In support of decreasing violence through incorporating school uniforms research studies have shown that there has been an intense decrease of violence and disciplinary problems for Kindergarten through Grade Eight in schools which have incorporated  uniforms (King, 1998). Requiring school uniforms is one of the simplest ways to start teaching students about unity and pride as they start school and grow into learning individuals. It is important for parents and teachers to support the decision to implement school uniforms and allow the students to adapt to the changes which are designed to provide them a safe and secure learning environment. The reinforcement of school uniforms will lead to changes that are not only beneficial to students but the teachers and the school as a whole. It will help the students understand the importance of  school uniforms and how they symbolize unity and pride. In addition it encourages students to learn to appreciate and respect themselves, their peers, and teachers and remove distractions from which eventually lead to bullying, fighting, or some form of disciplinary or violent behavior. With full support from parents, the students will be on their way to academic success. Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 8 Students can lead themselves to a fit and well-disciplined environment where they will be able to learn at their full capacity, and their teachers can teach at their maximum potential (King, 1998). References Everett SA, Price JH. Students’ perceptions of violence in the public schools: the MetLife survey. J Adol Health. 1995; 17:345-352. Huss, J. A. (2007) The role of school uniforms in creating an academically motivating climate: Do uniforms influence teacher expectations. Journal of Ethnographic and Qualitative Research, 1, 31-39. Retrieved from: http://eds. b. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/ Should Public Schools Reinforce Uniforms? 9 Kling, K. A. (1997) Should School Uniforms be Mandated in Elementary Schools? Journal of School Health, 68 (1), 32-37. Retrieved from: http://eds. b. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/ O’Connell, V. (2007, October) Fashion Bullies Attack – In Middle School The Wall Street Journal Retrieved from: http://online. wsj. com/news/articles/SB119326834963770540 Portner J. Department to issue guidelines on school uniforms. Educ Week. 1996;15(24):27 (as cited in King, 1998, p. 32) Stephens RD. The art of safe school planning. Sch Admin. 1996;53(2): 14-21. (as cited in King, 1998, p. 32) The US Dept of Education. Manual on School Uniforms, online. Retrieved from: http://inet. ed. gov/updates/uniforms. html. Feb 29, 1996. The U. S Department of Health & Human Services Manual on Bullying, online Retrieved from: http://www. stopbullying. gov/at-risk/factors/#atrisk The White House Office of the Press Secretary. Memorandum for the Secretary of Education. Subject: Manual on School Uniforms, online. http://inet. ed. gov/PressReleases/02- 1996/whpr. 26. html. Feb 23, 1996. Walmsley, A. (2011) What the United Kingdom can teach the United States about school uniforms. Kappanmagazine. org. 92 (6), 63-66. Retrieved from: http://eds. b. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/

Creepy Buildings That Keep You Up At Night

Federalism Essay example - 1689 Words

Federalism has played a large role in our government since the time that the Constitution was ratified. It originally gave the majority of the power to the states. As time went on, the national government gained more and more power. It used the quot;necessary and properquot; clause of the Constitution to validate its acts, and the Supreme Court made decisions that strengthened the national government creating a more unified United States. Finally, the recent course of federalism has been to give powers back to the states. Federalism was needed in the Constitution to make sure that the national government did not gain too much power. After the revolution, many people feared a monarchy or any form of government in which the central†¦show more content†¦Madison also stated more points in the Constitution through which state governments would have more power than the national government. He says that the only way the national government could take over the state governments would be if the people continuously elected men to office that wanted to betray both people and states. The quot;necessary and properquot; clause was included in the Constitution to allow for an quot;active and powerful government.quot; It is also known as the elastic clause and basically stated that the national government had the ability to pass any law that was necessary and proper to carry out national business. John Marshall expanded the interpretation of the quot;necessary and properquot; mainly through the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland. His decision that a state could not tax an agency of the national government was not the only outcome of the court case. Marshall took the opportunity to say that even though it is not mentioned in the Constitution, the national government has the right to charter a national bank. The decisions on McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden also expanded the role of the national government. McCulloch v. Marylands decision that a state government could not tax an agency of the national government was important in that it set a precedent that gave theShow MoreRelatedFederalism And The Other Federalism849 Words   |  4 PagesI’ve researched different texts and different information on the topic of federalism to have a good understanding and knowledge of it. I found many sources of great information to learn about federalism and how it influences many countries in the world that we know today. My goal in this paper is to give a good understanding to what I’ve learned and give great detail on federalism and the other Federalism is when two or more levels of governments share the same power over theRead MoreEssay on Federalism1371 Words   |  6 PagesFederalism Federalism is a widely accepted system of government in North American cultures. 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